Infant–mother and Infant–father Synchrony: the Coregulation of Positive Arousal
نویسنده
چکیده
To examine the coregulation of positive affect during mother–infant and father–infant interactions, 100 couples and their first-born child were videotaped in face-to-face interactions. Parents’ and infant’s affective states were coded in one-second frames, and synchrony was measured with timeseries analysis. The orientation, intensity, and temporal pattern of infant positive arousal were assessed. Synchrony between same-gender parent–infant dyads was more optimal in terms of stronger lagged associations between parent and infant affect, more frequent mutual synchrony, and shorter lags to responsiveness. Infants’ arousal during mother–infant interaction cycled between medium and low levels, and high positive affect appeared gradually and was embedded within a social episode. During father– child play, positive arousal was high, sudden, and organized in multiple peaks that appeared more frequently as play progressed. Mother–infant synchrony was linked to the partners’ social orientation and was inversely related to maternal depression and infant negative emotionality. Father–child synchrony was related to the intensity of positive arousal and to father attachment security. Results contribute to research on the regulation of positive emotions and describe the unique modes of affective sharing that infants coconstruct with mother and father. RESUMEN: Para examinar la co-regulación del afecto positivo durante las interacciones entre la madre y su hijo y el padre y su hijo, cien parejas y sus hijos primerizos fueron grabadas en vı́deo en sesiones de interacciones cara a cara. Los estados afectivos de los padres y de los infantes fueron codificados en marcos de un segundo, y la sincronı́a se midió por medio de un análisis de tiempo en serie. Se evaluaron la orientación, la intensidad, y el patrón temporal del despertar positivo del infante. La sincronı́a entre las dı́adas del mismo sexo (madre-hija o padre-hijo) fue más óptima en términos de más fuertes asociaciones espaciadas del afecto entre padre/madre e infante, la más frecuente mutua sincronı́a, y más cortos espacios de sensibilidad.. El despertar de los niños durante la interacción entre la madre y su infante osciló entre los niveles medio y bajo, y el afecto positivo alto apareció gradualmente y se encontraba metido dentro de una situación social. Durante el juego entre el padre y su infante, el despertar positivo fue alto, rápido y organizado en múltiples puntos máximos que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia a medida que el juego progresaba. La sincronı́a entre la madre y su infante fue asociada con la orientación social de los participantes y fue inversamente relacionada con la depresión maternal y la negativa emocionalidad del infante. La sincronı́a entre el padre y su infante fue relacionada con la intensidad del despertar positivo y con la seguridad de la afectividad paterna. Los resultados contribuyen a la investigación sobre la regulación de las emociones positivas y describen los modelos únicos de la afectividad compartida que los infantes co-construyen con la madre y el padre. This study was supported by a New-Land Foundation Grant. I thank Roni Nadam, Lily Klein, and Roni Amit for data collection and analysis. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Zev Nehama and Mrs. Margalit Cohen of the Ministry of Health for their support. Thanks also to Drs. C.W. Greenbaum and A.I. Eidelman for their most helpful critical reading and to Dee B. Ankonia for her editorial contribution. Direct correspondence to: Ruth Feldman, Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06510. 2 ● R. Feldman IMHJ (Wiley) LEFT BATCH
منابع مشابه
On the origins of background emotions: from affect synchrony to symbolic expression.
Guided by Damasio's (2003) formulations on background emotions, this study examined the contour of infant affect during interactions with mother and father in relation to the emergence of symbolic expression. One hundred parents and infants were observed in face-to-face interactions and in play sessions at the toddler stage. Parent's and infants' affective states were coded in 1-s frames, and s...
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